HON’BLE SRI JUSTICE C. PRAVEEN KUMAR CRIMINAL APPEAL No.836 of 2006
Dated: 12.06.2014
Between:
Sri Srinivasa Industries, Kodad, Rep. by its partner, Gunda Gurunadha Rao ...Petitioner/complainant And Bathula Bhaskar Rao @ Bathula Bhaskar and another.
…Respondents The Court made the following :
HON’BLE SRI JUSTICE C. PRAVEEN KUMAR CRIMINAL APPEAL No. 836 of 2006
JUDGMENT :
The complainant in C.C.No.392 of 1999 on the file of the Judicial First Class Magistrate, Kodad, Nalgonda District, preferred the present appeal under Section 378(4) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, challenging the judgment dated 04.08.2004 passed in the above C.C wherein the accused in the said case was acquitted for an offence punishable under Section 138 and 142 of the Negotiable Instruments Act (for short, the NI Act).
2. The appellant herein filed a private complaint against the 1st respondent for the offences under Sections 138 and 142 of the Act. After considering the evidence on record, the trial Court acquitted the accused. Challenging the same, the present appeal has been filed.
3. On 09.03.2005 this Court issued notice to the 1st respondent. On 06.03.2006, the counsel for the appellant was permitted to take out substitute notice to respondent No.1/accused by way of publication in Guntur edition of Eenadu Telugu Daily and file proof of same. Though the appeal is of the year 2006, learned counsel for the appellant could not serve notice on the accused. He submits that it is very difficult to secure correct address of the accused at this point of time. However, he submits that in view of the proviso to Section 372 Cr.P.C. which was introduced with effect from 31.12.2009, seeks remand of the matter to the Court of Sessions.
4. Proviso to Section 372 Cr.P.C was introduced by way of Act 5 of 2009 which was made effective from 31.12.2009. It would be relevant to extract the said proviso which reads as under:
“provided that the victim shall have a right to prefer an appeal against any order passed by the Court acquitting the accused or convicting for a lesser offence or imposing inadequate compensation and such appeal shall lie to the Court to which an appeal ordinarily lies against the order of conviction of such Court.”
5. The word ‘victim’ in the said proviso was defined in Section 2(w)(a) Cr.P.C. The meaning of the word victim was also introduced by virtue of Act 5 of 2009. It would be relevant to refer to the definition of the word victim which is as under:
“victim” means a person who has suffered any loss or injury caused by reason of the act or omission for which the accused person has been charged and the expression “victim” includes his or her guardian or legal heir.”
6. A conjoint reading of the above two would disclose that a person who has sustained loss or injury will get a right to prefer an appeal to the Court of Session against an order passed by Court subordinate to the Court of Session, acquitting the accused or awarding inadequate sentence or compensation.
7. The question before this Court is whether the appeal filed before this Court prior to the introduction of the proviso to Section 372 Cr.P.C. can be sent back to the Court of Session for hearing.
8. The issue came up for consideration before this Court in Crl.A.No. No.1043 of 2005 and batch wherein a learned single Judge of this Court after considering the judgments of the Apex Court and the provisions of the Code, “made over appeals to the concerned Sessions Judge of the Sessions Division concerned by special order passed under Section 381(2) read with 482 Cr.P.C. directing the Sessions Court to decide or make over to any of the Additional Sessions Judges of the Sessions Division to decide the appeal by proceeding further from this stage under Section 372 Cr.P.C. and orders be passed in accordance with law.”
9. The question as to whether an amendment to the Code fixing the jurisdiction of the trial of the cases will have retrospective or prospective effect came up for consideration before the Apex Court in RAMESH KUMAR
[1]
SONI v. STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH . It was a case where by virtue of an amendment to first schedule of the Cr.P.C. (Madhya Pradesh Amendment Act of 2007) offences punishable under Section 467, 468 and 471 IPC were made triable by a Court of Session. A Full Bench of the Madhya Pradesh High Court held that all cases pending in the Court of Judicial Magistrate of First Class will remain unaffected by such amendment and such matters which were committed to the Court of Sessions shall be sent back to the Judicial Magistrate of First Class for trial in accordance with law. The issue which came up for consideration before the Apex Court was whether the said amendment is prospective and will be applicable only to offences committed after the date of amendment was notified or will govern the cases that were pending on the date of amendment or filed after the same had become operative. The Apex Court after referring to the authorities on the subject and the provisions of the Code held as under:
“The amendment to the Criminal Procedure Code in the instant case has the effect of shifting the forum of trial of the accused from the Court of Magistrate First Class to the Court of Sessions. Apart from the fact that as on the date of amendment came into force no case had been instituted against the appellant nor the Magistrate had taken cognizance against the appellant, any amendment shifting the forum of the trial had to be on principle retrospective in nature in the absence of any indication in the Amendment Act to the contrary. The appellant could not claim a vested right of forum for his trial for no such right is recognized. The High Court was, in that view of the matter, justified in interfering with the order passed by the Trial Court.
10. Similarly, the Apex Court in SUDHIR G. ANGUR
[2]
AND ORS. V. M. SANJEEV AND ORS. , while approving the decision of the Bombay High Court in SHIV BHAGWAN MOTI RAM SARAOJI v. ONKARMAL ISHAR
[3]
DASS AND ORS. , observed as under:
“….. It has been held that a Court is bound to take notice of the change in the law and is bound to administer the law as it was when the suit came up for hearing. It has been held that if a Court has jurisdiction to try the suit, when it comes on for disposal, it then cannot refuse to assume jurisdiction by reason of the fact that it had no jurisdiction to entertain it at the date when it was instituted. We are in complete agreement with these observations …..”
11. Therefore, from the judgments of the Apex Court referred to above, it is clear that any amendment, in the absence of any indication to the contrary in the Code, relating to procedure to be followed for trial of cases has to be retrospective in nature. A reading of said proviso to Section 372 Cr.P.C would indicate that it gives a statutory right to the victim to file an appeal before the Court of Sessions against an order passed by a Magistrate affecting their rights, unlike Section 378(4) wherein the complainant has to seek special leave while filing the appeal. Though the said proviso was introduced to the benefit of the victims, it would also give an opportunity to the accused to challenge the said order before the High Court if he is convicted by that Court. The said remedy was not been available to the accused when appeals were filed directly before the High Court under Section 378(4) Cr.P.C. The counsel placed on record the judgment of the Apex Court in SUBHAS CHAND v.
[4]
STATE (DELHI ADMINISTRATION) to show that appeal under Section 378(4) only lies against an order passed by a Magistrate in a case arising out of a private complaint. It was a case where a private complaint was filed under Section 200 Cr.P.C. for violation of Section 16 read with Section 7 of Prevention of Food Adulteration Act. After full fledged trial, the accused in the said case were acquitted. Challenging the said order of acquittal, the complainant therein preferred appeal along with special leave application before the High Court. The question that arose for consideration in the said case was whether in the case arising out of a private complaint, the appeal against order of acquittal from the Court of Magistrate would lie to Court of Session under Section 378(1) of Cr.P.C or to High Court under Section 378(4) Cr.P.C. Dealing with the said issue, the Apex Court held that the complainant has to file application for special leave to appeal against order of acquittal of any court to the High Court and that no appeal lies before the Court of Sessions. But the Apex Court never had an opportunity to consider the proviso to Section 372 Cr.P.C in the above case. Therefore, the judgment of the Apex Court may not be of much help to the appellants.
12. Having regard to the judgment of the Apex Court in RAMESH KUMAR SONI (1 supra); introduction of proviso to Section 372 Cr.P.C; notices not being served on accused till date and the accused getting a chance to challenge the order before the High Court if he is convicted by the Sessions Court, this appeal is made over to the Sessions Judge of the Sessions Division concerned directing him to decide either by himself or to make over to any of the Additional Sessions Judges of the Sessions Division to decide the appeal by proceeding further from this stage.
13. The appellant/complainant shall appear before the Court of Session on 28.07.2014 without waiting for any notice from the concerned Sessions Court. As the accused is not yet served with the notice, the Sessions Judge or the Additional Sessions Judge, as the case may be, shall take all possible steps in either serving notice on the accused or securing the presence if need be, in accordance with law and proceed with the matter.
14. Accordingly, the Criminal Appeal is disposed of by remanding the matter to the Sessions Court for disposal in accordance with law. The Registry is directed to return the entire original record to the Court concerned forthwith.
15. Consequently, Miscellaneous Petitions, if any, pending in this Criminal Appeal shall stand closed.
C. PRAVEEN KUMAR, J 5th June 2014. mar
[1] 2013 (3) SCALE
[2] (2006) 1 SCC 141
[3] (1952) 54 BOM LR 330
[4] (2013) 2 SCC 17