JUDGMENT M. Katju, J.
1. Heard learned counsel for the parties.
2. The petitioner is an advocate practising in this Court and he has given his residential address as 6, MIG, Preetam Nagar Colony, Allahabad. He has prayed for a writ of quo warranto challenging the appointment of respondent No. 1 as Professor in Paediatrics at S.N. Medical College, Agra.
3. In our opinion, the petitioner has no locus standi to file this writ petition at all. The petitioner has not been able to demonstrate that he has any connection with S.N. Medical College, Agra. We can understand a teacher or employee of S.N. Medical College, Agra, filing such writ petition. We can also understand a person whose son or daughter is studying in S.N. Medical College, Agra filing such writ petition. But we cannot understand a person who is living in Allahabad and who has not the remotest connection with S.N. Medical College, filing such a writ petition.
4. No doubt the principle of locus standi is more flexible in cases of writ of quo warranto than in other types of writs as held by this Court in Bay Nath v. State of U.P., AIR 1965 All 151 (vide Para 5) ; Masehullah v. Abdulla, AIR 1953 All 193 : Venkateshwar v. Government of A.P., AIR 1966 SC 828 (vide para 8), etc.
5. However, in our opinion, this does not mean that any one can file a writ of quo warranto even if he has not the remotest connection with the appointment of the respondent. If such a view is accepted, it wilt only lead to blackmail and harassment because then tens of thousands of such writ petitions may be filed by any one challenging any appointment to any public post in U.P. even if the petitioner has nothing to do with that appointment.
6. In Bindra Ban v. Sham Sunder, AIR 1959 Punj 83, it was observed that it is not necessary in the case of an application for quo warranto that the applicant should have suffered a personal injury or should seek redress of a personal grievance. In our opinion, no doubt the rule of locus standi is to some extent relaxed in a writ of quo warranto and it is not as strict as in a writ of certiorari or mandamus, and hence, it is not necessary for the petitioner in a writ of quo warranto to show that he has suffered a personal injury or has some personal grievance for maintaining the said petition. However, in our opinion, this does not mean that a person can file a writ of quo warranto if he has not even the remotest connection with the holder of the public office. For example a rate payer or voter in a Municipality can file a writ of quo warranto against the appointment of some officer appointed in the Municipality, although such petitioner does not have personal grievance in the matter. The writ of quo warranto will be maintainable because in such a case he has some interest in seeing that proper persons are appointed to the Municipality. However, supposing a person resident of Allahabad city files a writ of quo warranto against some officer appointed in Lucknow Municipality. In our opinion, such a writ of quo warranto will not be maintainable as the petitioner has no connection with the appointment in Lucknow Municipality.
7. As held in Kesavan v. State of Tamil Nadu, AIR 1979 Mad 133, the Court would be flooded with the writ petitions because such writ petitions for quo warranto are entertained. As held by the Madras High Court in the case of a writ of quo warranto, the requirement that the petitioner should be a person aggrieved is dispensed with to a great extent, but not altogether.
8. In Venkataraya v. Sivarama Prasad, AIR 1961 AP 250, it was held that a writ of quo warranto, would He even at the instance of a relator who has no personal interest in the matter.
9. In Haladhar Panda v. Nisakar Naik, AIR 1973 Ori 132, it was held that a writ of quo warranto is not issued as a matter of right. It is a discretionary relief and the Court has always to ask itself whether under the circumstances of each case the petitioner should be given the relief in the nature of quo warranto, which he seeks.
10. In Ajoy Kumar v. Shaila Behari, AIR 1957 Ori 159, the petitioner prayed for a writ of quo warranto against respondent Nos. 1 to 3 who had been elected as Fellows of Utkal University from the registered graduate constituency. It was held that considering the fact that the petitioners never contested for a seat in the senate, did not file any nomination paper and had nothing to do with the election except being registered graduates, the Court would not exercise the discretionary power Under Article 226 in such a case.
11. In Miss Cama v. Banwarilal, AIR 1953 Nag 81, it was held that before granting a writ of quo warranto, it is necessary to see that the relator is a fit person to be entrusted with this writ. It will not issue a writ of quo warranto at the instance of the candidate for an election who did not object to the nomination of another candidate from the same constituency.
12. In Shyamapada Ganguly v. Abani Mohan Mukherjee, AIR 1951 Cal 420, it was held that a writ of quo warranto, is not issued as a matter of course but is discretionary and hence should be sparingly issued.
13. In Sudhir Kumar Mishra and Ors. v. Municipal Corporation and Anr., 1978 LIC 294, it was held that subordinate engineers employed in a Municipal Corporation had sufficient interest in challenging the appointment of the City Engineer of the Corporation. In the same decision it was held that the petitioners are not busy-bodies and such employees in the same corporation have obviously sufficient interest in the matter. This decision is clearly distinguishable, because in the present case the petitioner has nothing to do with S.N. Medical College, Agra.
14. In Dr. T.K. Kothandaram v. Secretary, AIR 1979 (AP) 11 (NOC), it was held that in a writ of quo warranto, the petitioner need not show that any right of his has been infringed, but nevertheless he must show that he has some interest in maintaining the writ petition. That interest should be not the one shared by him along with the public, but it must be a special one. The same view has been taken in AIR 1971 Mad 133.
15. In Halsbury's 'Laws of England' in the chapter entitled 'Crown Practice', it has been observed that a private relator must have some interest in the election he impeaches. To attack the possessor of an office in the corporation of a borough the relator need not be a burgess. He has a sufficient interest if he is an inhabitant subject to the Government of the corporation. Also, the owner of rated property in the town has sufficient interest in the election of the corporation thereof to be a good relator, even though he is not qualified to vote.
16. In 'Constitutional Law of India' by H.M. Seerval Volume 2 page 1483, it has been stated that although any member of the public acting in good faith can apply for a writ of quo warranto, the remedy is discretionary and the Court will consider whether the relator is a fit person to apply for the writ. Accordingly, the writ will not be granted to a person who was a candidate at an election and who did not object to the nomination of another candidate at the same election but acquiesced or concurred in the very act of which he complained. Where the petitioner never contested a seat in the senate and has nothing to do with the election a writ can be refused in the exercise of the discretion under Article 226 of the Constitution.
17. Hence, we should not exercise our discretion in such cases where the petitioner has no interest in any manner in the appointment of the respondent. If the petitioner is a busybody, then a writ of quo warranto will not be entertained, otherwise this Court will be flooded with such petitions. Hence we are of the opinion that although the principle of locus standi is to an extent relaxed in a writ of quo warranto but it is not abandoned altogether. There must be some connection between the petitioner and the appointment he challenges, however remote. Thus, for instance, it has been held that not only a member of a Municipal Corporation but also a rate payer can file a writ petition vide Vishwanath v. State, AIR 1957 Raj 75. However, if the person was not even a voter or tax payer he can not challenge the appointment of a member of the Municipal body.
18. In the present case, the petitioner has not been able to show any connection with the appointment of a Professor of S.N. Medical College, Agra. The petitioner is an advocate, practising in Allahabad and is a resident of Allahabad. He has not disclosed anywhere in the petition how he has any connection with appointments in the S.N. Medical College, Agra. Hence, this petition is dismissed on the ground of want of locus standi.
19. The writ petition is dismissed.